Actualités
Apple répond aux interrogations sur la localisation par l’iPhone : ce sera corrigé !
(approximative) et sauvegarde ces données via iTunes : le sujet a pris une
grosse ampleur
depuis la révélation la semaine dernière, nous en avions parlé
régulièrement et
tout récemment dans ce billet.
Il nous manquait dans cette ferveur médiatique qui a largement dépassé les
sites Apple et Hi-tech un élément important : la réponse
officielle d’Apple !
Celle-ci vient de tomber sous la forme d’une série de questions et réponses,
ci-dessous en anglais, avec les informations les plus importantes traduites
tout d’abord (commentées ensuite) :
- Apple indique n’avoir jamais suivi les mobiles et ne prévoit pas de le
faire. (point 1) - L’iPhone ne stocke pas la position de l’utilisateur, mais il stocke une
base de donnée des antennes GSM et hot-spots WiFi avec qui il communique afin
d’établir des communications plus rapidement. Cette base est constituée au
niveau mondiale, anonymisée et étant trop lourde pour être chargée sur le
téléphone, un extrait (cache) est stocké sur le téléphone. (NDLA : c’est
cette base qui a déclenché l’inquiétude). Ce sont ces points, à savoir la
localisation des antennes et hot-spots, qui sont stockés et sauvegardés via
iTunes. (point 3) - Apple prévoit une mise à jour pour ne plus sauvegarder ces informations via
iTunes (point 4) - Apple indique que le fait que ces données soient stockées si longtemps
(NDLA : jusqu’à un an en arrière au moins) est un bug, qui sera corrigé.
Ceci devrait être corrigé rapidement et Apple indique penser ne pas avoir
besoin de plus de 7 jours de données (point 6) - Autre bug : lorsque les paramètres demandent au téléphone de ne pas se
géolocaliser, le mobile ne devrait plus envoyer / stocker les données des
cellules et HotSpots alentours, ceci sera également corrigé (point 7)
La mise à jour prévue pour dans quelques semaines proposera ainsi les
correctifs suivant :
- réduction de la taille des données de positionnement de cellules GSM et de
Hot Spot WiFi - plus de sauvegarde de cette base de donnée et suppression dès que les
services de localisation seront éteints
Qu’en penser : qu’Apple confirme bien tout ce qui
avait été indiqué à l’origine, indique qu’il est possible de faire
autrement et de corriger le comportement actuel. La
société précise ce que l’on avait pu vérifier en chargeant le fichier, à savoir
que ces ont les cellules GSM et HotSpots qui sont localisés (parfois très loin
des lieux fréquentés par le téléphone et son utilisateur).
On peut imaginer que le correctif sera passé au crible des chercheurs du
domaine !
Afin de vous fournir une information la plus précise possible, sachant que la
traduction ci-dessus peut avoir altéré certains passages, voici l’intégralité
de la version anglaise :
Apple would like to respond to the questions we have recently received about
the gathering and use of location information by our devices.
1 Why is Apple tracking the location of my iPhone?
Apple is not tracking the location of your iPhone. Apple has never done so
and has no plans to ever do so.
2 Then why is everyone so concerned about this?
Providing mobile users with fast and accurate location information while
preserving their security and privacy has raised some very complex technical
issues which are hard to communicate in a soundbite. Users are confused, partly
because the creators of this new technology (including Apple) have not provided
enough education about these issues to date.
3 Why is my iPhone logging my location?
The iPhone is not logging your location. Rather, it’s maintaining a
database of Wi-Fi hotspots and cell towers around your current location, some
of which may be located more than one hundred miles away from your iPhone, to
help your iPhone rapidly and accurately calculate its location when requested.
Calculating a phone’s location using just GPS satellite data can take up to
several minutes. iPhone can reduce this time to just a few seconds by using
Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower data to quickly find GPS satellites, and even
triangulate its location using just Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower data when GPS
is not available (such as indoors or in basements). These calculations are
performed live on the iPhone using a crowd-sourced database of Wi-Fi hotspot
and cell tower data that is generated by tens of millions of iPhones sending
the geo-tagged locations of nearby Wi-Fi hotspots and cell towers in an
anonymous and encrypted form to Apple.
4 Is this crowd-sourced database stored on the
iPhone?
The entire crowd-sourced database is too big to store on an iPhone, so we
download an appropriate subset (cache) onto each iPhone. This cache is
protected but not encrypted, and is backed up in iTunes whenever you back up
your iPhone. The backup is encrypted or not, depending on the user settings in
iTunes. The location data that researchers are seeing on the iPhone is not the
past or present location of the iPhone, but rather the locations of Wi-Fi
hotspots and cell towers surrounding the iPhone’s location, which can be more
than one hundred miles away from the iPhone. We plan to cease backing up this
cache in a software update coming soon (see Software Update section
below).
5 Can Apple locate me based on my geo-tagged Wi-Fi hotspot and cell
tower data?
No. This data is sent to Apple in an anonymous and encrypted form. Apple
cannot identify the source of this data.
6 People have identified up to a year’s worth of location data being
stored on the iPhone. Why does my iPhone need so much data in order to assist
it in finding my location today?
This data is not the iPhone’s location data—it is a subset (cache) of the
crowd-sourced Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower database which is downloaded from
Apple into the iPhone to assist the iPhone in rapidly and accurately
calculating location. The reason the iPhone stores so much data is a bug we
uncovered and plan to fix shortly (see Software Update section below). We don’t
think the iPhone needs to store more than seven days of this
data.
7 When I turn off Location Services, why does my iPhone sometimes
continue updating its Wi-Fi and cell tower data from Apple’s crowd-sourced
database?
It shouldn’t. This is a bug, which we plan to fix shortly (see Software
Update section below).
8 What other location data is Apple collecting from the iPhone
besides crowd-sourced Wi-Fi hotspot and cell tower data? Apple is
now collecting anonymous traffic data to build a crowd-sourced traffic database
with the goal of providing iPhone users an improved traffic service in the next
couple of years.
9 Does Apple currently provide any data collected from iPhones to
third parties?
We provide anonymous crash logs from users that have opted in to
third-party developers to help them debug their apps. Our iAds advertising
system can use location as a factor in targeting ads. Location is not shared
with any third party or ad unless the user explicitly approves giving the
current location to the current ad (for example, to request the ad locate the
Target store nearest them).
10 Does Apple believe that personal information security and privacy
are important?
Yes, we strongly do. For example, iPhone was the first to ask users to give
their permission for each and every app that wanted to use location. Apple will
continue to be one of the leaders in strengthening personal information
security and privacy.